In early 20th-century America, allopathic providers obtained greater “cultural authority” and the respect of those who influenced decisionmaking. Opposition to unorthodox practitioners increased. The allopathic physician charged the doctor of chiropractic with practicing medicine without a license. The doctor of chiropractic retorted that practicing chiropractic and practicing medicine were different. To emphasize this difference, the chiropractic community developed a different lexicon and rationale for its approach (Keating, 1989). Medicine’s search for a disease process, assigning appropriate labels, and providing the remedy of the day were different from chiropractic’s search for an interference in the nervous system that was stated to ultimately, if not immediately, lead to dysfunction and disease. The doctor of chiropractic rejected the use of medicines and drugs and never incorporated the practice of surgery. Chiropractic was conceived as a more natural approach to healing, drawing upon the body’s own recuperative powers.

Although adversity characterized much of organized medicine’s relationship with chiropractic, this polarity was more frequently related to economic, political, and legal considerations than to clinical ones. In fact, D.D. Palmer credits a medical physician, Jim Atkinson, with teaching him about the use of bone setting in other cultures (Palmer, 1910, p. 789). G.H. Patchin, MD, has been credited with helping Palmer edit his book, The Chiropractic Adjuster, and one-third of the first graduating class of chiropractors were medical physicians (Palmer, 1910; Gibbons, 1981).

Following the Flexner Report (1910), medical education consolidated and strengthened its position in society and both medical education and research have received external financial support through grants from the Federal government and private foundations. Federal funds initially supported medical care for veterans and, eventually, for the elderly and disabled. By contrast, chiropractic education remained a tuition-driven, inadequately financed enterprise that received no external support for research. In an attempt to eliminate chiropractic, organized medicine promoted licensing regulations, believing that the inferior education of chiropractic schools would prevent their graduates from passing State Board Licensing Exams (Gevitz, 1988; Wardwell, 1992). This is discussed in more detail in Chapter V. The introduction of Basic Science Boards by the medical profession in 1925 created an additional obstacle to the graduate doctor of chiropractic due to the lack of basic science training in the chiropractic curriculum.

In response, chiropractic schools upgraded their educational process by expanding the curriculum and employing Ph.D.-level instructors to teach the basic sciences. As a result, chiropractors started to pass the Basic Science Boards. Further efforts to improve the quality of the educational process eventually led to the creation of chiropractic’s own national accreditation agency, the Council on Chiropractic Education (CCE), which achieved Federal recognition from the Department of Education in 1974. This agency implemented educational standards for the curriculum and the admission processes. Those schools failing to meet the CCE standards closed their doors. By 1995, all chiropractic colleges achieved accreditation by the CCE. Much like the Flexner Report’s impact on medical colleges, the CCE elevated the educational standards of many chiropractic schools.

Until fairly recently, chiropractic had been attacked by allopathic medicine as an unscientific cult with no research to support its claims of efficacy (Keating, 1993; Wardwell, 1992) (see Chapter VII). Research was neglected in the early years of the profession. Without funding for research and facilities in the tuition-driven, for-profit educational institutions, the limited resources of the early colleges were focused on teaching skills needed for success in practice rather than on developing the knowledge base of the profession. Gradually, pockets of hope emerged: Watkins, Weiant, Higley, Illi, and Janse, among others, sought answers for unexplained treatment outcomes and recognized that a research base could be used to refute the claims of adversaries. The evolutionary development of the Foundation for Chiropractic Education and Research (FCER) has helped to foster a research mentality (see Chapter IX). Beyond sponsoring research studies, FCER embarked in 1977 on a program to support the training and development of the chiropractic researcher. There is now a growing cadre of critical thinkers within the profession and an expanding number of research-oriented individuals outside the profession who are studying chiropractic. By 1996, Federal research grants had been awarded to four chiropractic colleges.

In recent years there has also been much greater collaboration between chiropractors and the greater scientific and clinical communities in training, research, and practice (Mootz, 1995). Multidisciplinary practice is more common as are editorial and technical collaborations, joint research initiatives, and medical physician support of chiropractors in litigation (Mootz, 1995).

With the profession’s increasing involvement in critical investigation and professional improvement, the label of chiropractic as an unscientific cult has difficulty sticking. Research has demonstrated that manipulation, a primary mode of care for the doctor of chiropractic, is effective in the treatment of acute low back pain (Shekelle, 1992). The inclusion of manipulation as a recommended treatment in the Federal guidelines for the treatment of acute low back pain is the result of the findings of researchers both within and outside of chiropractic (Bigos, 1994). As research evaluates the value of chiropractic for other clinical problems, the capabilities and limitations of chiropractic care will become more apparent, appropriate interdisciplinary relationships will be established and patient care will be improved.

It has taken 100 years of self-directed, bootstrap efforts utilizing internal funds to bring chiropractic into the mainstream of health care. As a mainstream provider, the issues of role and scope of practice are now receiving serious attention. Is chiropractic an alternative to medicine? Is there a complementary role that includes collaborative care? Should chiropractic remain a separate and distinct profession or seek inclusion into medicine as a subspecialty in musculoskeletal conditions? Should chiropractic education seek affiliation with major universities housing medical education? Answers to these questions will have a significant effect on the future of chiropractic education and practice.

If you would like to contact us please do at:

Dr. Hattaway 95 lono ave, kahului, HI 96732  808.871.6218

Dr. Hattaway’s office in Kahului, Hawaii has been serving Haiku, Paia, Kahului, Kihei, Wailea, Lahaina and Maui County for over 25 years. Here is the beginning of the making of their website. Stay tuned….

…much fun awaits you….Below i will paste some links which I hope you find one to your liking.  Look more at colors and designs.  Think about ease of navigation…. soothing colors….templates can be altered…

…I would like to have audio, video, pictures, text and a contact form so they can get daily healthy back tips or something like that.  Maybe an occasional one from www.CaptainColon.com  (he really is a superhero or a pirate, not sure). 

I would click on all of them up at once and flip through them at the top of the navigation bar.  Instead of looking at them one at a time.. . 

Copy and paste the links of the ones you like to an email and send back to me at paul@imaximus.com Any questions call me at 281.1016  ….we need to pick you guys out a www.youtube.com/superadiationman  name…..

Read closely here…..  place your mouse over the link below and right click on

it.  It will say open in another tab.  Choose that one.  Then do the same for every template so

the every link is up and then go through tem.

  c ya

 http://www.abetterbackcenter.com 

 http://www.akaku.org/?dftid=1428512

http://www.buytemplates.net/template-auto219.aspx 

 http://www.zeetemplate.com/mockups/Chiropractic/web2/index.html

 http://www.buytemplates.net/template-ecom212.aspx

 http://www.webinaminute.com/loving-universe-metaphysical-new-age.htm 

 http://www.buytemplates.net/template-MEDI170.aspx

http://www.buytemplates.net/template-medi233.aspx

http://www.nowyouknow.net  

 http://www.zeetemplate.com/web-design-portfolio2.html

 http://www.templatesflow.com/demo/template/989

http://www.templatesflow.com/demo/template/1170 

 http://www.templatesflow.com/demo/template/1017

http://www.templatesflow.com/demo/template/1023

http://www.templatesflow.com/demo/template/1053 

 http://www.buytemplates.net/template-TRAV095.aspx

http://www.webinaminute.com/catalog/wiam2103